What are the four sources of self-efficacy?

The four sources of self-efficacy, as defined by Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, are accurately represented by the first choice: verbal persuasion, vicarious experiences, mastery experiences, and physiological/affective states.

Mastery experiences refer to successful experiences in a specific task, which significantly boost an individual's confidence in their ability to perform that task in the future. Vicarious experiences occur when individuals observe others successfully completing a task, enhancing their belief that they too can achieve the same. Verbal persuasion involves encouragement from others, which can influence a person's belief in their capabilities. Finally, physiological and affective states encompass the physical and emotional responses that can impact self-efficacy, such as stress levels and mood, which also play a role in an individual’s perception of their capabilities.

The other options do address supportive concepts related to personal and social development, but they do not directly align with the foundational sources of self-efficacy as established in psychological research.